Sequence | Name | Implementations | Introspection | Typing | Execution | Pointers | Classes | Special |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A.0 | Algol | Deprecated | ||||||
A.1 | Fortran | Several | No | Static | Interpreted, bytecode | Yes | No | Multiple entry points (f77 below) |
A.2 | Basic | Apple, Microsoft | No | No | Interpreted | No | No | Line numbers (Visual Basic below) |
A.3 | Pascal | Borland | No | Strong, Static | Direct assembler | yes | No | (Delphi below) |
A.4 | Logo | ? | No | No | Interpreted | No | No | Teaching language |
B | B | Deprecated | ||||||
C.0 | C | ANSI, Posix, BSD, AT&T, Windows | No | Weak, Static | Compiled | Yes | No | Macro preprocessor |
C.1 | Objective C | No | Weak, Static & Dynamic | Compiled | Yes | Single inheritance | Non-typechecking messages | |
C.2 | C++ | Vendor dependent | Run-time type information | Strong, Static with typecasting | Compiled | Type checking | Multiple inheritance | Templates, overloading, name mangling |
C.3 | Java | Sun, Microsoft, IBM, ... | Partial | Very strong, Static | Bytecode | bounds-checking, exceptions | Single inheritance, Interface | Multithreading |
C.4 | C#/J# | Microsoft | Partial | Strong, Static | Compiled | bounds-checking, exceptions | Single inheritance, Interface | Copies Java |
D.0 | Object Pascal (Delphi) | Borland | Run-time type information | Strong, Static with typecasting | Compiled | Type checking | Multiple inheritance, dynamic subclassing | |
D.1 | F77 | Multiple | No | Strong, Static | Compiled | Type checking | Yes | |
E.0 | Tcl | scriptics.com | Yes | No | Just-in-time bytecode | null object | No | Easily embedded |
E.1 | Visual Basic | Microsoft | No | String, double, integer | Just-in-time bytecode | No | External modules | Tcl syntax without expr[] |
F.0 | Perl | perl.com | Yes | Weak, Dynamic | Interpreted, bytecode | bounds-checking, null object | Single | Write-only programming |
F.1 | Python | python.org | Yes | Strong, Dynamic | Bytecode, interpreted | bounds-checking, null object | Multiple inheritance | Garbage collection, whitespace |
F.2 | JavaScript | mozilla.org/js/ jsdb.org | Yes | Weak, Dynamic | Interpreted (just-in-time bytecode compiler) | bounds checking, null and undefined objects | Multiple inheritance | Garbage collection, C syntax |
G.0 | PHP | php.org | Yes | Weak, Dynamic | Interpreted | Acts like all C-generation languages | ||
G.1 | Ruby | ruby-lang.org | Yes | Weak, Dynamic | Interpreted | Acts like all F-generation languages |
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